Halogenated esters of phosphorus-containing acids

ABSTRACT

This invention deals with new phosphorus-containing esters having the formulas   wherein Y represents H, CH3 or Cl; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; Q represents   R&#39;&#39; represents X, hydrogen or R&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;; R&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39; represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; and X represents chlorine or bromine. These new esters are useful particularly as fire retardants, agricultural chemicals, fuel additives, plasticizers, monomers and intermediates for the synthesis of other useful derivatives.

United States Patent 1 DAlelio 51 May 27, 1975 HALOGENATED ESTERS OF PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING ACIDS [76] Inventor: Gaetano F. DAlelio, 2011 E. Cedar St., South Bend, lnd. 46617 [22] Filed: July 30, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 383,583

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 179,543, Sept. 10, 1971, Pat. No. 2,780,144, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 785,335, Dec. 19, I968, abandoned.

[52] US. Cl. 260/952; 117/136; 260/45.85;

260/928; 260/932 [51] Int. Cl. C07f 9/08 [58] Field of Search 260/952 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,784,591 l/1974 Toy et a1 260/952 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 877,905 9/1961 United Kingdom 260/952 43-8092 3/1968 Japan 260/952 Primary Examiner-Lorraine A. Weinberger Assistant Examiner-Richard L Raymond Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Walter J. Monacelli [57] ABSTRACT This invention deals with new phosphorus-containing esters having the formulas wherein Y represents H, CH or Cl; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; Q represents X represents chlorine or bromine.

These new esters are useful particularly as fire retardants, agricultural chemicals, fuel additives, plasticizers, monomers and intermediates for the synthesis of other useful derivatives.

26 Claims, N0 Drawings HALOGENATED ESTERS OF PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING ACIDS This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 179,543, filed Sept. 10, 1971, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 2,780,144 on Dec. 18, 197 3, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No.

785,335, filed Dec. 19, 1968, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION The esters of this invention are represented by the formulas:

wherein Y represents H, CH or Cl; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; Q represents R represents X, hydrogen or R"; R" represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; and X represents chlorine or bromine. By substitution of the Q in the formulas by either P or P(O) these esters may be represented more specifically by the formulas For many of the purposes of this invention the esters of formulas A 'and C are much preferred because of their greater stability in the attachment of the halogen atoms as discussed more fully hereinafter. However,

' where higher halogen content is desired, the esters of formulas B and D have particular value for many purposes. Moreover, loss of halogen from the higher sub- 2 stituted type of esters results in the more stable unsaturated forms A and C.

The divalent hydrocarbon radical represented by R in the above formulas can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic and can be saturated or have ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation therein. Aliphatic radicals include aryl-substituted aliphatic radicals such as phenylethylene, phenylenedimethylene, etc.; aromatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl substituted aromatic radicals such as tolylene, xylylene, ethylphenylene, vinylphenylene, propargylphenylene, etc.; and cycloaliphatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituted cycloaliphatic radicals such as ethylcyclohexylene, vinylcyclohexylene, propargylcyclohexylene, phenylcycloheptylene, tolylcyclopentylene, etc. The simpler and smaller of these radicals are preferred for obvious reasons, but the more complicated radicals can also be used and are included in the scope of this invention.

These divalent hydrocarbon radicals are illustrated by the following typical radicals: CH (CH 2)4' 2)7; 2)12 3)2;

(CH CH=CH(Cl-l and the like.

The monovalent hydrocarbon radical represented by R in the above formulas can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic and can be saturated or have ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation therein. Aliphatic radicals include aryl-substituted aliphatic radicals such as phenylethyl, diphenylethyl, benzyl, tolylethyl, etc.; aromatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl substituted aromatic radicals such as tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, vinylphenyl, propargylphenyl, etc.; and cycloaliphatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituted cycloaliphatic radicals such as ethylcyclohexyl, vinylcyclohexyl, propargylcyclohexyl, phenylcycloheptyl, tolylcyclopentyl, etc. The simpler and smaller of these radicals are preferred for obvious reasons, but the more complicated radicals can also be used and are included in the scope of this invention.

The esters of Formula A are prepared readily by the following reaction using mole per mole of reagents:

The esters of Formula B are prepared by mole per mole reaction as follows:

The esters of Formula C are prepared by the reaction of one mole of XP(O)(ORCX=CXR) l with one mole of CH =CCOOROH to give l l CH =CCOOROP(ORCX=CXR') (C) Substitution of HORCX CX R for the HORCX==CXR' gives 1 ll CH =CCOOROP(ORCX CX R') (D) The above reactions are advantageously conducted in the temperature range of to 100 C., and preferably in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor of the various well known types, such as t-butyl catechol. When polymerization inhibitor is omitted the product is generally at least partially polymerized. Preferably a polymerization inhibitor is used during the preparation of the ester so that polymerization may be conducted subsequently either by itself or with copolymerizable vinyl or vinylene monomer such as styrene, alphamethyl styrene, methacrylates, acrylates, maleic anhydride, unsaturated polyesters, etc., or the monomer may be used for various other purposes as indicated herein.

Instead of using the halogenated acetylenic alcohols with the phosphorus halides as shown in the above reactions, the acetylenic alcohol may be converted first to the ester and the acetylenic ester posthalogenated to the desired product. Also instead of the POCl which is used in some of the above reactions, there may be used PCl or derivatives thereof, and the reaction product obtained hydrolyzed with water to yield the phosphate ester. Ester exchange reactions can also be used to prepare the esters of this invention.

The (ORCX=CXR') type of esters of this invention differ from the esters of halogenated saturated alcohols, for example (OCH CHXCH X), having much greater hydrolytic stability of the halogen atoms than the latter type of esters which show a much greater tendency to lose halogen. This loss of halogen occurs under conditions of high humidity, thereby limiting the utility of the specified type of saturated compound.

The novel phosphorus-containing esters of this invention are self-extinguishing when ignited and thus are particularly useful as fire-retardant additives for a host of other materials and compounds, particularly those of a resinous or polymeric nature, for example, when Particularly are they useful as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of a host of other useful derivatives. The diand trihalo compounds can be halogenated further at the ethylenic double bond to produce tetrahalo and pentahalo compounds which have even greater self-extinguishing properties than the dihalo compounds. They are also readily convertible to the monoa-nd dibasic phosphorus esters. They also add to olefinic double bonds of the unsaturated compounds to yield plasticizers as well as polymerizable monomers. They react with epoxy compounds to produce substituted a1- cohols which can be used as modifiers of urethane polymers, polyesters, cellulose, etc.

Derivatives prepared from the compounds of this invention also find utility as flame-retardant additives and impregnants, as agricultural chemicals and as fuel additives. In addition, when the parent compounds or derivatives contain functional groups, such as the OH groups, they can be used as modifiers in polymerization reactions or can be reacted with other functional molecules such as with the isocyanates, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, oxirane compounds, etc., or when they contain an unsaturated olefinic group they can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers; or when they contain an amide group they can be reacted with aldehydes and polymerized alone or copolymerized with urea or melamine, or their methylol compounds can be reacted with cellulose or wool, etc.

The practice of this invention is illustrated by the following examples. These examples are given merely by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way nor the manner in which the invention can be practiced. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, parts and percentages are given as parts and percentages by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 One hundred forty-five parts of 1,2,3- trichloropropene are added to a solution of 106 parts of sodium carbonate dissolved in 900 parts of water and the mixture refluxed for ten hours. The water layer is then separated from the oily layer which is dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, separated by filtration and distilled. There is obtained 115 parts of 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-l-ol, ClCH=CC1CH OI-l, (I), b.p. 4546 C./l.5 mm; yield 91%.

EXAMPLE II a. To 250 parts of carbon tetrachloride is added 56 parts of propargyl alcohol (A) and to this solution there is added slowly, at room temperature, a solution of parts of bromine in 250 parts of carbon tetrachloride and allowed to react at room temperature for 2 hours. Then the mixture is heated to 3040 C. for 2 hours. The product is distilled to recover the carbon tetrachloride and the 2,3-dibromo-2-propene- 1 -ol,

5 BrCl-l=CBrCl-l OH, (II), hp. 5 l-52 C./0.7 mm; yield 93%.

b. Treatment of 1,2,3-tribromopropene with aqueous sodium carbonate by the procedure of Example I yields the same 2,3-dibromo-2-propene-l-ol.

EXAMPLE III The reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (B) with NaOCl under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen according to the procedure given in the Bull. soc. chim. (France), p 1615 (1965) gives an 87% yield of 4- chloro-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol,

EXAMPLE IV The reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol in water with Br and NaOH by the procedure given in Ann. Chem. (Rome), 47, 1.18 (1957) yields 4-bromo-2-methyl-3- butyn-Z-ol,

1v b.p. 92-93 c./22 mm.

EXAMPLE V The procedure of Example ll(a) is repeated using instead of propargyl alcohol, one equivalent weight of the following acetylenic alcohols to obtain the haloderivative corresponding to the alcohol used:

Acetylenic Alcohol DibI-omoethylene Derivative Continued Acetylenlc Alcohol Dibromoethylene Derivative slowly passed chlorine gas while exposed to an ultraviolet lamp until 70 parts of chlorine are reacted. The halogenated product is then recovered by distillation and the majority of the product is identical to the 2,3-dichloro-2-propene- 1 -ol of Example I.

b. In a similar manner there is prepared P CH3C=CCH2OH (XXIX) 1 1 1 1 H 6 5 -H ou (XXX) CH3 EXAMPLE VII A mixture of 46 parts of PC1 126 parts of 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-l-ol and 150 parts of toluene is refluxed until no more HCl is evolved from the reaction. The mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature; then 5 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 3 parts of decolorizing carbon are added to the solution and allowed to stand with stirring for 8 to 24 hours. The solution is then filtered and the filtrate distilled at 0.5 to 14 mm Hg pressure to recover the toluene. The yield of almost colorless residue is 96% of the theoretical amount. The infrared spectra of the product confirm the absence of the band for the -OH group of the alcohol and the presence of the band for the ester group. The product is a viscous oil insoluble in water but soluble in benzene and toluene. The elemental analysis of the product: percent C, 26.95; percent H, 2.24; percent Cl, 52.56; are in close agreement with the theoretical values of C, 26.42; H, 2.20; Cl, 52.02 for P(OCH CC1=CHCl) The boiling point of the product is higher than 120 C. at 0.5 mm Hg. Attempts to distill the product at higher pressures, or at higher temperatures at 0.5 mm pressure results in secondary reactions which change the nature of the product, which product, however, is still self-extinguishing. Other triesters of this type having other R' groups in place of the CH and/or having bromine in place of the chlorine or having the tetrachloro or tetrabromo structure can be similarly prepared for use as intermediates in preparing phosphate esters of the present invention. The phosphites are converted to XP(ORCX=CXR) compounds by reaction with PX For example, two moles of P(QCH CC1=CHC1) is reacted with one more of PC];, at 100 C. for three hours to give three moles of ClP(OCl-l CCl=CHCl) EXAMPLE VIII The procedure of Example VII is repeated using 51 parts of POCl instead of 46 parts of PC1 and there is obtained the ester, PO(OCH CCl=CHC1) which contains approximately 50% chlorine. The reaction with POCl is much slower than with PCI however, itproceeds very readily if a mole of an hydrogen chloride acceptor, such as triethyl amine or pyridine, is used in the reaction mixture for each mole of liberated hydrogen chloride. Likewise, as indicated in Example VII, other triesters can be similarly prepared having other R groups and halogen composition to prepare intermediates for use in preparing phosphate esters of the present invention. The following procedures (a) and (b) illustrate how these phosphate triesters may be converted to intermediates useful in the preparation of esters of this invention.

a. To 73.85 parts of P(OCH CBr=CI-IBr) in 150 parts of toluene are added 13.6 parts of SO CI and the mixture is heated at 50 C. for one hour until no more S0 is liberated. There is obtained an almost quantitative yield of 55.32 parts of in toluene together with the byproduct, ClCH CBf=CHB1'. This solution can be used as prepared for the synthesis of other derivatives, or it may be distilled to recover toluene and ClCI-I CBr=CHBr, leaving as a residue ClP(O)(OCH CBI=CHBI') b. A mixture of 10.15 parts of P(OCH CCl=CI-ICl) and 15 parts of CH COOI-I are heated at C. for 2 hours following which it is distilled at 15 mm pressure to recover 42 parts of CH CGOCl-I CCl=Cl-ICL leaving as a residue 86.2 parts of HOP(OCH CCI=CHCI) which on analysis is shown to contain 46.4% of C1 compared to.a theoretical value of 47.3.

EXAMPLE IX a. To 55.32 parts of ClP(O)(OCl-I CB1'==CHBr) in parts of toluene under a nitrogen atmosphere, there is slowly added at 20-30 C. a solution containing 100 parts of toluene, 10.6 parts of CH =CHCOOCH CH OH, 0.5 parts of tertiary butyl catechol and 5.9 parts of trimethyl amine, and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. The precipitated amine hydrochloride (CH N.HC1 is removed by filtration, and the filtrate containing the' product CH %HCOOCH C- H OP(O)(OCH CBr-=CHB1) is washed with distilled water until the washings are neutral. The toluene solution containing the polymerizable monomer, CI-I =CH- COOCH CH OP(O)(OCH(OCH CBr=CHBr) can be used as prepared for the preparation of polymers and copolyrners, or grafted to cellulose fibers, or the toluene can be removed by distillation at reduced pressures leaving an almost quantitative yield of the monomer.

The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using the reagents and obtaining the product indicated in the table below.

Reagents Product CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2OH EXAMPLE X The procedures of Example IX are repeated using equivalent amounts respectively of the corresponding tetrahaloacetylenic alcohols in place of the dihaloacetylenic alcohols. The following monomers of this inven- EXAMPLE XI The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using molar equivalents of the reagents indicated and obtaining the ester indicated in the following table:

' Reagents EXAMPLE XIII Samples of the various phosphorus esters of Examples IX-XII are placed individually in a microcrucible and in each case the contents ignited by the flame of a microburner. When the flame is withdrawn, burning stops completely.

EXAMPLE XIV A mixture of 50 parts of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts of 9' CH =CHCOOCH CH OP(OCH CBr=CHBr) and 0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide is polymerized in a sealed container under nitrogen at C. until a hard polymer is obtained, which is self-extinguishing. Similar self-extinguishing polymers are obtained when, instead of the individual esters of Examples IX-XII inclusive are used.

EXAMPLE XII The procedures of Example XI are repeated using respectively in place of the dihaloacetylenic esters the corresponding tetrahalo esters to give the following esters:

EXAMPLE XV The procedure of Example XIV is repeated using instead of methyl methacrylate, the monomers styrene, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate respectively, and selfextinguishing polymers are obtained in each case.

EXAMPLE XVI Ten parts of are added respectively to each of the following, which are approximately 50% solvents and 50% solids, (a) a clear alkyd varnish, (b) a cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquer, (c) a white-pigment oil-modified epoxy paint, and (d) a pigmented urethane-type paint; then films are cast from the mixtures and allowed to dry or cure for four days. Attempts to ignite the resulting films showed in each case that they are self-extinguishing. Similar results are obtained when other esters selected from each of Examples IX through XII are similarly tested.

EXAMPLE XVII A skein of 20 parts of cotton thread is placed in 500 parts of an aqueous solution containing 2.5 parts NaOI-I, 2.5 parts CS and 0.05 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The thread is then removed, washed thoroughly with distilled water, and immersed in 500 parts of a solution containing 0.05 parts of FeSO .(Nl-I SO and 1.5 parts of tetra-bis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride for minutes. The thread is then washed with distilled water and suspended in 1000 parts of an emulsion containing 8 parts of CH =CHCOOCH CH OP(O)- (OCH CBr=CI-IBr) 0.1 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 1.5 parts of hydrogen peroxide and the mixture heated with agitation under nitrogen for 3 hours. The thread is then removed, washed with water and dried. There is obtained 28 parts of grafted thread, which when suspended and its end ignited, is selfextinguishing when the source of the flame is withdrawn.

EXAMPLE XVIII A mixture of 50 parts 50 parts toluene and 0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide is polymerized in a sealed container under nitrogen and at 80 C. for 10 hours. The toluene is evaporated to give a solid resin. Five parts of this is mixed with 100 parts respectively of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polyvinylacetate and molded in each case to a hard casting. In each case attempts to ignite each casting showed the product to be self-estinguishing in each case. The procedure is repeated with each of the monomers of Examples IX through XII and in each case the product is found to be self-extinguishing.

As shown above the phosphorus-conaining esters of this invention are polymerizable by themselves or in mixtures with each other or in mixtures with other vinyl or vinylidene monomers, sometimes referred to herein as vinyl monomers, such as styrenes, i.e., styrene, alphamethylstyrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl diphenyl, etc., with acrylates, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylates, etc., vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate, etc., acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, esters of polymerizable dibasic acids such as dimethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, divinyl azelate, dimethyl itaconate, etc., maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, etc.

In producing self-extinguishing copolymers with such copolymerizing monomers, such properties are exhibited with as little as 0.1 percent by weight, preferably at least 1 percent by weight, of a monomer of this invention. In blends of homopolymers or copolymers of these phosphoruscontaining esters with other polymers, such as polystyrene, etc., there is advantageously at least 0.1 percent, preferably at least 1 percent by weight, of the product represented by the phosphoruscontaining ester portion.

In polymerizing the esters of this invention the various polymerization systems and techniques known in the art may be used, such as free-radical, such as peroxy and azo systems, thermal, radiation and various other systems. For most purposes for which the polymer products are to be used molecular weights of at least 500, preferably at least 1,000, are desirable.

As indicated above and where it may be desired, the polymers can be produced directly with the preparation of the ester by omitting the inhibitor and allowing polymerization to occur simultaneously. If the polymerization has not progressed sufficiently by the time the preparation reaction is completed, heating may be continued at the same or higher temperatures, or catalysts, such as benzoyl peroxide, etc. may be added to complete the polymerization.

While the esters or monomers of this invention have been represented by various formulas, they may also be represented generically by the formulas CH;=ECOO ROQ-(ORCXZCX2R wherein symbols are as defined above.

Similarly the repeating units in polymers produced from these esters can be represented by the formulas Polymers having repeating units similar to those produced by polymerizing the monomer esters of this invention may also be produced by polymerizing an acrylate portion of the monomer, such as a (hydroxyalkyl) acrylate, or (chloroalkyl) acrylate and reacting the remainder of the ester monomer repeating unit by reactions similar to those used in preparing the monomer. For example, poly(hydroxyethyl)acrylate may be dissolved or suspended in toluene, etc., and then reacted with an appropriate amount of CIPO(ORCX=CXR') to give repeating units having the formula While certain features of this invention have been described in detail with respect to the various embodiments thereof, it will, of course, be apparent that other modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the exact details shown above except insofar as they are defined in the following claims:

The invention claimed is:

The compound of claim 1 having the formula CH2=CCOO-ROQ(O-R-CX=CXR')2 CH ICOORO -i (ORCCl=CClR) d an 13. The compound of claim 1 having the formula Y Y CH2:CCOO R O Q*(O RCX2CXR )2 cH =bcoo-R o i ORCBr=CBrR' 2 wherein Y represents H, CH or Cl; 14. The compound of claim 1 having the formula Q represent 1 5 CH =CHCOOCH OP(OCH CC1=CHCl) P P 15. The compound of claim 1 having the formula or CH =CHCOOCH OP(OCH CBr=CHBr) 16. The compound of claim 1 having the formula X represents C1 or Br; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1-20 cflfgcoomwicomkcm. )2

carbon atoms; R represents H, X or R; and R" represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 17. The compound of claim 16 in which Y is H,

l-2O carbon atoms, 18. The compound of claim 16 in which Y is CH 2. The compound of claim 1 in which the formula is 9- The compound of Claim 16 in which Y is Cl.

The compound of claim 16 in which R has l-lO carbon atoms.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q is P 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q is 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is chlorine. 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is bromine. 8. The compound of claim 2 in which R is hydrogen. 9. The compound of claim 3 in which R is hydrogen.

10. The compound of claim 1 having the formula 11. The compound of claim 1 having the formula 21. The compound of claim 16 in which R is H.

22. The compound of claim 16 in which R is X.

23. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula is CH =CHCOOCH CH OP [O)(OCH CX=CHX) 24. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula 25. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula 3 "3 cu co0ca l-I -OK0\(OCH CX=CHX) 2 26. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula is UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No, Dated May 27,

Inventor(s) Gaetano F D io It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

In the abstract correct the second formula, and in column 1 line 30 correct the formula, both to read Q Y X CH CCOO-R- O-Q (0 RC- %3 R) 2 I X X Signed and Saks! this second Day of new 1975 [SEAL] Arrest:

. RUTH c. MASON c. unsnsu. ohm

Arresting Officer Commissioner ofPatenrs and Tmdemarks ORM P0-1050 (10-69) F USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 U4$4 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 

1. A PHOSPHORUS-HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUND HAVING A FORMULA SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF
 2. The compound of claim 1 in which the formula is
 3. The compound of claim 2 in which Q is -P<.
 4. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q is -P<.
 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q is
 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is chlorine.
 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is bromine.
 8. The compound of claim 2 in which R'' is hydrogen.
 9. The compound of claim 3 in which R'' is hydrogen.
 10. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
 11. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
 12. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
 13. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
 14. The compound of claim 1 having the formula CH2 CHCOOCH2OP(OCH2CCl CHCl)2.
 15. The compound of claim 1 having the formula CH2 CHCOOCH2OP(OCH2CBr CHBr)2.
 16. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
 17. The compound of claim 16 in which Y is H.
 18. The compound of claim 16 in which Y is CH3.
 19. The compound of claim 16 in which Y is Cl.
 20. The compound of claim 16 in which R has 1-10 carbon atoms.
 21. The compound of claim 16 in which R'' is H.
 22. The compound of claim 16 in which R'' is X.
 23. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula is CH2 CHCOOCH2CH2OP(O)(OCH2CX CHX)2.
 24. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula is
 25. The compound of claim 16 in which the foRmula is
 26. The compound of claim 16 in which the formula is 